[San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA)]Судалгааны ажлыг үнэлэхэд шинжлэх ухааныг ашиглах нь
Эрдэм шинжилгээ, судалгааны ажлын үр дүнг үнэлэх арга замуудыг сайжруулах нь уг судалгааг санхүүжүүлэгч агентлаг, академик байгууллага, бусад оролцогч талуудын хувьд зайлшгүй гүйцэтгэх шаардлагатай зүйл болоод байна.
Америкийн Эсийн Биологийн Нийгэмлэг (ASCB)-ийн ээлжит хурлын үеэр буюу 2012 оны 12-р сарын 16-ны өдөр энэ асуудлыг авч хэлэлцэхээр шинжлэх ухааны сэтгүүл эрхлэн гаргагчид, редакторууд оролцсон бүлэг хүмүүс Сан Франциско хотноо уулзсан байна. Уг уулзалтаас судалгааны ажлын үнэлгээний тухай Сан Францискогийн тунхаглал хэмээх багц зөвлөмжийг боловсруулан гаргаж, шинжлэх ухааны бүх салбарын сонирхогч талуудыг нэрээ нэмж оруулан, тус тунхаг бичгийг дэмжиж буйгаа илэрхийлэхийг хүсчээ.
Эрдэм шинжилгээ, судалгааны ажлын үр дүнг шинэ мэдлэг, шинэ өгөгдөл, урвалж бодис, програм хангамж агуулсан эрдэм шинжилгээний өгүүлэл болон оюуны өмч, сайн бэлтгэгдсэн залуу эрдэмтэд төрүүлсэн зэргээр илэрхийлдэг. Санхүүжүүлэгч агентлагууд, эрдэм шинжилгээний ажилтанд ажил олгогчид, эрдэмтэд өөрсдөө, ер нь бүгд л судалгааны ажлын үр дүнгийн чанар, үр нөлөөг үнэлүүлэх хүсэл эрмэлзэл, хэрэгцээ шаардлагатай байдаг. Тиймээс судалгааны ажлын үр дүнг үнэн зөв хэмжиж, ухаалгаар үнэлэх нь зайлшгүй шаардлагатай зүйл юм.
Өнөөгийн практикт Сэтгүүлийн импакт фактор (СИФ)-ыг хувь хүн, байгууллагын судалгааны ажлын үр дүнг харьцуулах үндсэн хэмжүүр болгон ашиглах нь элбэг болоод байна. Томсон Ройтерс СИФ-ыг анх гаргахдаа өгүүлэл дэх судалгааны ажлын шинжлэх ухааны чанарыг хэмжих хэмжүүр биш, харин номын санчдад шинээр худалдан авах сэтгүүлээ сонгоход нь туслах хэрэгсэл болгох зорилгоор бий болгосон байдаг.
Энэ утгаараа СИФ-ыг судалгааны ажлыг үнэлэх хэрэгсэл болгоход сайн батлагдаагүй олон дутагдалтай талууд байгааг ойлгох нь чухал юм.
Эдгээр дутагдалд дараах зүйлс багтана:
A) сэтгүүлүүд хоорондын ишлэлийн хуваарилалт өөр өөр, ихээхэн хазайлттай [1–3];
Б) СИФ-ын чанар судалгааны салбараас хамаарсан онцлогтой: судалгааны өгүүлэл,
тойм өгүүлэл гэх мэтчилэн өгүүллийн төрлүүд нь олон янз атал бүгдийг нэг
хэмжүүрээр илэрхийлдэг [1, 4];
C) СИФ-ыг сэтгүүлийн редакцын бодлогоор залж (эсвэл "тоглолт хийж") болно [5];
D) СИФ-ыг гаргахад ашигласан өгөгдлүүд олон нийтэд ил тод, нээлттэй байдаггүй [4, 6, 7].
Энэ тунхаглалд 2020 оны 6-р сарын 9-ний байдлаар дэлхийн өнцөг булан бүрээс их дээд сургуулиуд, эрдэм шинжилгээний хүрээлэнгүүд, шинжлэх ухааны нийгэмлэгүүд, санхүүжүүлэгч байгууллагууд зэрэг 1962 байгууллага, 16000 хувь хүн гарын үсэг зураад байна. [12]
Судалгааны ажлын үр дүнгийн чанарыг үнэлэх арга замыг сайжруулах талаар тэд хэдэн зөвлөмжийг доор өгөв. Хянан магадлагаанд орсон эрдэм шинжилгээний өгүүлэл бол судалгааны ажлын үнэлгээг мэдээллэх гол үр дүн хэвээр үлдэх хэдий ч судалгаанаас гарган авсан бусад үр дүн нь цаашдын судалгааны ажлыг үнэлэхэд чухал ач холбогдолтой байх болно.
Тиймээс бидний зөвлөмж өнөөгийн үнэлгээний байдал болох хянан магадлагаатай сэтгүүлд нийтлэгдсэн судалгааны өгүүллүүдтэй холбоотой асуудалд голчлох боловч бусад үр дүнгүүд болох мэдээллийн багц зэрэг нь судалгааны ажлыг үнэлэх чухал үр дүн хэмээн хүлээн зөвшөөрөхөд анхаарлаа төвлөрүүлэн хэлэлцэх юм. Эдгээр зөвлөмж нь санхүүжүүлэгч агентлаг, эрдэм шинжилгээний байгууллага, сэтгүүлүүд, хэмжүүрийн мэдээллээр хангадаг байгууллагууд, мөн хувь судлаачдад зориулагдсан болно.
Эдгээр зөвлөмжөөр дамжин доорх хэдэн санаа гарч ирж байна:
- Санхүүжилт, албан томилгоо, урамшууллын асуудлыг авч хэлэлцэхдээ СИФ зэрэг
сэтгүүлд суурилсан хэмжүүрийн хэрэглээг ашиглахаас татгалзаж хасах шаардлагатай;
- Судалгааг үнэлэхдээ судалгааны ажил хэвлэгдсэн сэтгүүлийн хэмжүүр дээр суурилах
биш, харин судалгааны өөрийнх нь чанарын хэмжүүрүүдийг ашиглах шаардлагатай;
- онлайн хэвлэн нийтлэх боломжуудыг ашиглах шаардлагатай (өгүүлэлд үг, зураг,
ишлэлийн тоог хязгаарлахаас татгалзах, ач холбогдол, хувь нэмрийн шинэ
үзүүлэлтүүдийг эрэлхийлэх гэх мэт).
Бид санхүүжүүлэгч агентлаг, байгууллага, хэвлэн нийтлэгчид болон судлаачид судалгааны үнэлгээг сайжруулж буй туршлагуудыг хэдийнээ талархан дэмжсээр байгаа. Судалгааны ажлын үнэлгээг гол оролцогч талууд дэмжин хөгжүүлэх боломжтой бөгөөд илүү боловсронгуй, утга төгөдөр болгох хандлагуудын эрч хүчийг нэмэхэд чиглэсэн алхамууд хийгдэж эхлээд байгаа болно.
Судалгааны ажлын үнэлэмжийн тухай Сан Францискогийн тунхаглалд гарын үсэг зурагсад бид судалгааны ажлыг үнэлэхдээ доорх зөвлөмжүүдийг авч ашиглахыг дэмжиж байна.
Ерөнхий зөвлөмж
Санхүүжүүлэгч агентлагуудад
Байгууллагуудад
Хэвлэн нийтлэгчдэд
Хэмжүүрийг гаргагчдад
Судлаачдад
Ашигласан хэвлэл
Тайлбар:
Энэ тунхаглалын бэв хуудас (https://sfdora.org)-наас авсан мэдээгээр 2022 оны 12 дугаар сарын 5-ны байдлаар дэлхийн 159 орны нийтдээ 22323 хувь хүн болон байгууллага гарын үсэг зураад байна. Үүнээс 19675 хувь хүн, 2648 байгууллага гарын үсэг зурсан байна.
Анх гарын үсэг зурсан хувь хүмүүс
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Altmetric LLP |
2 |
Elizabeth M. Adler |
Executive Editor, The Journal of General Physiology |
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Executive Editor, Journal of Cell Science |
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Editor-in-Chief, The Anatomical Record |
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Editor-in-Chief, Science |
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Editor-in Chief, Developmental Dynamics |
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Research Director, CNRS-France |
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Professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Medical Materials, Eberhard-Karls University, Germany |
10 |
Tonci Balic-Zunic |
Associate Professor in Mineralogy and leader of the Crystallography & Mineralogy Group, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark |
11 |
Joel Bernstein |
Professor, Department of Chemistry, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |
12 |
Stefano Bertuzzi |
Executive Director, American Society for Cell Biology |
13 |
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Acting Director, Wellcome Trust |
14 |
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15 |
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16 |
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26 |
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28 |
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33 |
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45 |
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46 |
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150 |
Mitsuhiro Yanagida |
Editor-in-Chief, Genes to Cells |
151 |
Alpha Yap |
Head, Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland |
152 |
Mary Yess |
Deputy Executive Director and Publisher, ECS - The Electrochemical Society |
153 |
Marino Zerial |
Max Planck Director, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden |
154 |
Ya-ping Zhang |
Vice-President, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
155 |
Jiří Zlatuška |
Rector emeritus, Professor, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic |
Анх гарын үсэг зурсан байгууллага
1 |
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AS CR) |
2 |
Altmetric LLP |
3 |
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
4 |
American Oil Chemists' Society |
5 |
American Society for Cell Biology |
6 |
American Society of Agronomy |
7 |
Association for Psychological Science |
8 |
Austrian Science Fund (FWF) |
9 |
Biology Open |
10 |
British Society for Cell Biology |
11 |
CBE—Life Sciences Education |
12 |
Cell Structure and Function (a journal published by Japanese Society of Cell Biology) |
13 |
Centro Nacional de Analisis Genomico (CNAG) |
14 |
Crop Science Society of America |
15 |
Czech Mathematical Society |
16 |
Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center |
17 |
Development |
18 |
Disease Models & Mechanisms |
19 |
ECS - The Electrochemical Society |
20 |
eLife |
21 |
EMBO |
22 |
EuCheMS |
23 |
European Association of Science Editors |
24 |
European Association of Social Anthropologists |
25 |
European Astronomical Society (EAS) |
26 |
European Atherosclerosis Society (EAD) |
27 |
European Council of Doctoral Candidates and Junior Researchers (EURODOC) |
28 |
European Crystallographic Association |
29 |
European Education Research Association (EERA) |
30 |
European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry (EFMC) |
31 |
European Glaucoma Society |
32 |
European Mathematical Society |
33 |
European Optical Society |
34 |
European Society for Soil Conservation |
35 |
European Society for the History of Science |
36 |
European Sociological Association |
37 |
Faculty of 1000 |
38 |
FEBS Journal |
39 |
FEBS Letters |
40 |
FEBS Open Bio |
41 |
Federation of European Biochemical Societies |
42 |
Fondazione Telethon |
43 |
Garvan Institute of Medical Research |
44 |
Genetics Society of America (GSA) |
45 |
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation |
46 |
Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) List of Original Signers (Organizations) |
47 |
Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
48 |
ImpactStory |
49 |
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane Australia |
50 |
Institute of Mathematics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague |
51 |
Journal of Cell Science |
52 |
Journal of Neurochemistry (Society Journal of the International Society of Neurochemistry) |
53 |
Linguistic Society of America |
54 |
Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering |
55 |
Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology |
56 |
Molecular Oncology |
57 |
Molecular Biology of the Cell |
58 |
Nacional de Analisis Genomico (CNAG), Barcelona, Spain |
59 |
PeerJ |
60 |
Proceedings of The National Academy Of Sciences (PNAS) |
61 |
Public Library of Science (PLOS) |
62 |
Society of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia |
63 |
Society of Economic Geologists |
64 |
Soil Science Society of America |
65 |
Spanish Crystallographic Association (GE3C) |
66 |
Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences |
67 |
The American Physiological Society |
68 |
The Anatomical Record |
69 |
The Association of Australian Medical Research Institutes |
70 |
The Bionics Institute |
71 |
The Company of Biologists |
72 |
The European Society for History of Science |
73 |
The International Society of Addiction Journal Editors |
74 |
The Journal of Cell Biology |
75 |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
76 |
The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health (Burnet Institute) |
77 |
Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute |
78 |
Wellcome Trust |
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